太湖藻源溶解性有机质光化学降解研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

孙伟  巩小丽  陈煜  郑建伟  李琪  杜瑛珣 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):91-101

蓝藻水华暴发过程会产生大量的溶解性有机质——藻源溶解性有机质(A-DOM);A-DOM的光化学降解影响其迁移转化和在湖泊中的功能.本研究从太湖藻华中提取A-DOM,利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法(EEMsPARAFAC),研究A-DOM中各组分的光化学降解;再研究不同光照强度、溶解氧浓度、A-DOM浓度、波长对A-DOM的降解的影响.结果显示,A-DOM中含有4种EEMs-PARAFAC组分:C1(UVC类腐殖质)、C2(UVA类腐殖质)、C3(类色氨酸)和C4(类络氨酸),对总荧光强度的贡献比例分别为22.2%、8.6%、68.1%和1.1%.当DOC初始浓度为10 mg/L、反应温度为28℃、pH=8.0时,经500 W汞灯(391.7 W/m~2)光照12 h,A-DOM的总光化学降解率(以a_(355)计)为70.4%;荧光组分C1、C2和C3的降解率分别为96.1%、85.4%和99.2%,三者的光反应性为C3C1C2.条件控制实验显示溶解氧的增加和光强的增强均有助于A-DOM的降解;A-DOM光化学降解主要发生在紫外区,可见光不能使C1和C2得到降解.结果表明A-DOM的光化学降解速度较快,且能通过控制光强、照射光波长和引入溶解氧等条件控制降解速度.实验结果可为湖泊蓝藻水华暴发时的应急处理和保障饮用水安全提供理论依据.  相似文献   

Association between trophic state,watershed use,and blooms of cyanobacteria in south-central Chile     

《Limnologica》2019

An increase in the distribution and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms has been reported for many regions worldwide. Due to this fact, we studied the variables that influence the abundance of natural populations of planktonic cyanobacteria in temperate lakes of central and southern Chile. These lakes differed in trophic state and watershed use. Cyanobacteria dominated in meso- and eutrophic systems and their occurrence correlated to watershed use (tree plantations and urban). Ochrophyta and Bacillariophyta were dominant in oligotrophic lakes, where native forest dominated land usage. In these lakes, the maximum depth of the euphotic zone influenced the community structure and the genera of cyanobacteria. Dolichospermum was the most abundant, frequent, and widely distributed genus, found in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes, forming blooms in eutrophic systems.The concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen positively influenced cyanobacterial abundance and bloom formation, mainly by Aphanizomenon, Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece, and Dolichospermum, and Microcystis.In contrast to many reports on their occurrence in the northern hemisphere, these genera occurred widely at less than 20 °C, forming dispersive blooms, at low temperatures in autumn and winter (10.8–15.6 °C). This shows that eutrophication is the main factor for bloom formation and these genera can form blooms independent of temperature. However, some genera, such as Microcystis, increased their abundance and presented more intense blooms (scums) at high temperatures. Our study provides baseline data to document long-term changes in lentic systems of the western south-central area of South America, including genera that could respond by increasing their abundance with eutrophication and projected climatic changes.  相似文献   

基于视频监控图像的环巢湖蓝藻实时动态监测     

马腾耀  肖鹏峰  张学良  段洪涛  邱银国 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):1840-1853

蓝藻的防控与治理是湖泊水环境、水生态管理的重要内容,实时获取蓝藻的空间分布信息对于降低蓝藻灾害风险具有重要意义.针对地面调查费时费力、卫星遥感监测粒度较粗且时效性不强等问题,本文提出了一种基于视频监控网络的湖泊蓝藻实时监测技术.基于环巢湖视频监控网络的33个功能摄像机,研究如何从视频图像中实时、准确提取蓝藻的分布信息.为克服不同摄像头的观测角度不一致、光照强度和背景条件不一致等诸多挑战,在视频图像蓝藻表征分析的基础上,通过多尺度深度网络进行图像粗粒度分类,区分蓝藻与浑浊、阴影水体;基于随机森林进行蓝藻精细化识别,克服蓝藻的强异质性.最后以渔政站沿岸水域的日均蓝藻覆盖率和月均蓝藻覆盖率为统计单位,开展了巢湖沿岸蓝藻的动态监测.研究成果可为科学制定蓝藻治理方案提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

太湖和巢湖中微囊藻(Microcystis)与长孢藻(Dolichospermum)的长时序变化及其驱动因子     

张民  史小丽  阳振  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1051-1061

随着我国湖泊治理力度的加大,太湖和巢湖的营养盐水平,特别是氮水平近年来明显下降,如2007年以后太湖总氮和近年来巢湖的氨氮水平都呈现下降趋势,但是2个湖泊水华蓝藻的优势种却向相反的方向演化,太湖的长孢藻(Dolichospermum)比例在增加,而巢湖的长孢藻比例却在降低,为阐明这种变化过程和驱动因素,本研究利用太湖(19932015年)和巢湖(2012 2018年)的历史数据分析了2个湖泊中的水华蓝藻——微囊藻(Microcystis)和长孢藻生物量的历史变化过程,并结合营养盐数据分析了影响2种水华蓝藻变动的驱动因素.结果显示:太湖和巢湖的微囊藻生物量多年来始终保持高位波动,近年来均有升高的趋势,这与2个湖泊磷的高位波动具有明显的相关性,磷是决定微囊藻生物量长尺度变化的主要驱动因素;太湖的长孢藻生物量呈现较大波动变化,2007年以后明显升高,巢湖的长孢藻生物量则明显下降,氮与长孢藻生物量呈现负相关关系,而且这种负相关仅在低磷浓度时具有显著性.微囊藻生物量对磷浓度变化敏感的正反馈响应是其水华形成的重要机制之一,在高温高磷条件下,微囊藻可以快速繁殖,并竞争性排除长孢藻,从而形成优势;而长孢藻可以通过温度生态位和固氮两种方式占据优势,在氮浓度相对较低,且温度低于微囊藻形成水华的温度范围时,长孢藻可以依靠温度生态位的优势形成水华,而在氮限制的条件下,即使在夏季高温时,长孢藻依然可以利用固氮作用形成水华,但是关键的温度阈值和开始固氮的氮浓度阈值仍不清楚.基于2种水华蓝藻对营养盐变化响应的差异,建议在进行蓝藻水华治理、污染削减过程中,应针对不同水华蓝藻的特性进行分时段分类别的营养盐控制策略.  相似文献   

Algal epibiosis on Megabalanus tintinnabulum and its role in segregation of the Balanus amphitrite population     

Ranjith Eswaran  Lidita Khandeparker 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(4):492-505

Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp. were found colonizing shell surfaces of an acorn barnacle, Megabalanus tintinnabulum. However, this association was not noticed in the case of Balanus amphitrite, which was a co‐inhabitant. Such a difference in intergeneric interactions with the algae was examined in laboratory experiments. For this, the influence that extracts of algae, extracts of algae‐associated bacteria and natural leachants from M. tintinnabulum exerted on cyprid metamorphosis of B. amphitrite was examined. Extracts of algae and associated bacteria showed no effect on the metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. This may be attributed to absence of cue‐specific sugars in the exopolysaccharides and culture supernatants of bacteria. On the other hand, natural leachants of M. tintinnabulum, which showed the presence of N‐acetyl‐d ‐glucosamine, a known algal spore attractant, also inhibited metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. Thus, hosting specific epibionts could have important roles in the segregation of barnacle population.  相似文献   

悬浮液中硫酸根对改性粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响     

刘扬  俞志明  曹西华  宋秀贤  张雅琪  林勇新 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):734-740

本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of the invasive herbivore Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) and its relation to native benthic communities in the central Aegean Sea,Northeastern Mediterranean     

Sylvaine Giakoumi 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(1):96-105

The present study explores the distribution of the invasive herbivore fish Siganus luridus (Rüppell 1829) and its relationship to native herbivores and macroalgal assemblages in the shallow sublittoral of the Cyclades Archipelago, Aegean Sea, Greece. In situ underwater surveys of herbivore abundance (fishes and sea urchins) and algal coverage were carried out at 180 sampling sites in 18 islands. Siganus luridus accounted for 17% of the total herbivore abundance, with a decrease in relative abundance from the southeastern to the northwestern islands. In Santorini Island (in the southeast of the study area) S. luridus abundance accounted for 90% of the total herbivore fish abundance, while in Kea Island (at the northwestern limit of the study area), S. luridus was absent. The spatial variation of minimum sea surface temperature is possibly the reason for its distributional pattern. Siganus luridus abundance was found to be positively correlated to the native herbivore Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758). A significant negative relationship was found between the abundance of the invasive species and the sum of erect and canopy algae cover (Dictyotales and Cystoseira spp.), which are the main components of its diet in the region. On the other hand, its occurrence was particularly high in barren sites. The results arising from this study reinforce evidence from studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin that the expansion of the invasive species S. luridus may have profound impacts on native communities in the Mediterranean infralittoral zone.  相似文献   

Recent moon jelly (Aurelia sp.1) blooms in Korean coastal waters suggest global expansion: examples inferred from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences     

Ki  Jang-Seu; Hwang  Dae-Sik; Shin  Kyoungsoon; Yoon  Won Duk; Lim  Donghyun; Kang  Young Shil; Lee  Yoon; Lee  Jae-Seong 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(3):443-452

  相似文献   

Temporal variation in community–environment relationships and stream classifications in benthic diatoms: Implications for bioassessment     

《Limnologica》2016

Diatom based biomonitoring tools are proven to be a practical way to indicate stream conditions, but only little is known how stable diatom inferred stream classifications are in time. We studied annual variation in diatom community–environment relationships, community structure and diatom indices (Index of Pollution Sensitivity, IPS and Trophic Diatom Index, TDI) during three consecutive years (2010–2012) in four drainage basins distributed in Finland. We also used a cluster analysis to examine if stream classifications resulted in distinct and temporally stable community types. We found only subtle temporal variation in community–environment relationships, nutrient concentrations (N, P) and conductivity consistently being the main factors structuring communities. According to Mantel tests, diatom communities resembled each other significantly at different years, and the values of IPS and TDI indices remained relatively stable in the basins through time. The stream classification based on diatoms also resulted in temporally stable and statistically distinct community types. We thus suggest that sampling of diatoms, e.g., in every three years seems to be a reliable procedure to assess biological water quality. Generally, to choose the correct metrics to assess water quality is essential, and both biological and physicochemical factors should be considered.  相似文献   

2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮灾害分级和时空分布特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

何恩业  季轩梁  李晓  李雪丁  王丹  杨静 《海洋通报》2021,(5)

利用2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮事件记录资料和自然灾害风险判定方法,根据赤潮成灾面积、持续时间、危害类型、渔业直接经济损失等指标综合计算赤潮灾害指数。基于自然断点法,对赤潮灾害指数进行Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级等4个灾害级别分等定级。系统分析了福建沿海赤潮生物种类、时空分布特征和演变规律。结果表明:(1)2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮以灾害程度较轻的Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为主,灾害程度较重的Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级仅占总次数的8.9%,但其造成的渔业直接经济损失达总损失的95.0%。(2)赤潮暴发次数和面积总体呈现下降趋势,但Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级灾害频次呈现波动特征。(3)季节尺度上表现为单波峰特征,5—6月是赤潮灾害最为严重的时段,赤潮暴发次数、面积和持续时间占总体的比例分别为73.3%、84.6%和74.9%,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级灾害占总次数的95.2%。(4)空间尺度上,福州、宁德、厦门沿海赤潮累计次数和规模较大,但Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级赤潮灾害主要分布在泉州以北的福建沿海,泉州以南的福建海域赤潮灾害级别整体较低。(5)2001—2020年福建沿海赤潮原因种逐渐增多,硅藻占比减小、甲藻占比升高,有毒赤潮主要出现在宁德、福州、泉州海域,以米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)引发居多。(6)硅藻赤潮主要暴发在峡湾和海湾海域,而甲藻赤潮在峡湾、海湾和开阔的近岸海域均易暴发,近年来甲藻赤潮暴发位置呈现由福建北部向南部沿海扩张的趋势。引起这些变化的原因据推测与全球气候变化及福建近岸海域环境的变化密切相关。  相似文献